Vitamin B12 capsules 500μg 100 capsules Hycobal capsules Eisai Hycobal Adenosylcobalamin Methylcobalamin

Vitamin B12 capsules are an oral supplement with vitamin B12 as the main ingredient. It is a water-soluble vitamin that participates in key physiological processes such as hematopoiesis and nerve function maintenance.

I. Basic Drug Information

1. Generic name : Vitamin B12 capsules
2. English name : Cobamamide
3. Product name : Hycobal® capsules; Hycobal 500μg
4. Dosage form : Hard capsules (HB.50)
5. Indications :
   • Prevention and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency
   • The need for vitamin B12 increases, and supplementation is necessary when dietary intake is insufficient (e.g., for wasting diseases, hyperthyroidism, pregnant women, and lactating women).
   • Megaloblastic anemia
   • Broad-segmented cephalopodiasis
   • Neurological disorders associated with pernicious anemia
   • Malabsorption syndrome (such as Sprouting syndrome)
   • The following conditions are presumed to be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency or metabolic disorders: nutritional and pregnancy-related anemia, anemia after gastrectomy, anemia associated with liver disorders, radiation-induced leukopenia, neuralgia, peripheral neuritis, peripheral nerve paralysis, muscle pain, arthralgia, and central nervous system disorders (myelitis, degenerative diseases, etc.).
6. Element :
   • Active ingredient: 500μg of methylcobalamin per capsule
   • Additives: Yellow No. 5, crystalline cellulose, cyan No. 1, red No. 3, ゼラチン, トウモロコシデンプン, ラウリルsulfate ナトリウム
7. Characteristics :
   • Capsule: upper half red, lower half orange, total length 14.5mm, weight 170mg, size 4
   • Contents: Slightly reddish powder
   • The active ingredient, methylcobalamin, is a dark red crystal or crystalline/amorphous powder that is readily soluble in water, extremely difficult to dissolve in ethanol (95%), and almost insoluble in acetone, diethyl ether, or chloroform. It is highly hygroscopic and easily decomposes upon exposure to light.

II. Usage and Dosage

III. Taboos

IV. Precautions

1. Special populations : No clinical trials have been conducted on children or other individuals.
2. Medication instructions :
   • If there is still no effect after about one month of use, the product should not be used blindly.
   • When used for megaloblastic anemia, cephalomyelitis, pernicious anemia with accompanying neurological disorders, malabsorption syndrome (such as spirochete), and anemia after gastrectomy, oral absorption is poor, so injection is recommended unless absolutely necessary.
   • When delivering medications in PTP packaging, patients should be instructed to remove the PTP pad before taking the medication to avoid accidental ingestion of the PTP pad, which could cause the sharp part to pierce the esophageal mucosa and even lead to serious complications such as perforation and mediastinitis.
3. Medication storage :
   • Store at room temperature.
   • Once opened, the contents should be stored away from light to prevent a decrease in content.

V. Adverse Reactions

1. Allergic reaction : Allergic symptoms such as rashes may occur.
2. Digestive system reactions : No relevant content mentioned.

VI. Drug Interactions

VII. Pharmacological effects

1. Adjusting biomembrane function : No relevant content mentioned.
2. Improvement of metabolic disorders : No relevant content mentioned.
3. Regulating blood lipids : No relevant content mentioned.
4. Protecting blood vessels : No relevant content mentioned.
5. other:
   • Mechanism of action: It acts on nerve tissue and hematopoietic tissue, promoting nucleic acid synthesis and protein synthesis, thereby promoting erythrocyte proliferation and nerve tissue repair.
   • Promotes nerve regeneration: In a rat model of experimental sciatic nerve disorder, it promotes the accumulation of RNA in nerve cells, and electrophysiological studies have shown that it can promote nerve regeneration.
   • Promoting hemoglobin synthesis and improving hematologic anemia: Methylcobalamin, as a coenzyme of methylmalonyl isomerase, participates in the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, thus participating in the early stages of hemoglobin synthesis. Succinyl-CoA then becomes δ-aminolevulinic acid, serving as the starting material for hemoglobin synthesis. Adding methylcobalamin to the mitochondrial fraction of bone marrow cells from patients with pernicious anemia enhances the synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid.

VIII. Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption : Five healthy adult males were administered three tablets of this drug (1500 μg of methylcobalamin) orally daily for 12 weeks. The change in serum total B12 levels was measured four weeks after drug withdrawal. Results showed that after 12 weeks of continuous administration, serum total B12 levels were approximately 2.3 times higher than before administration, and remained approximately 1.8 times higher than before administration four weeks after drug withdrawal.
2. Excretion : No relevant content mentioned.

IX. Clinical Research

• When this medication is taken orally to patients with anemia associated with liver dysfunction, the red blood cell count increases and the anemia improves starting from the second week.
• For patients with anemia during pregnancy, taking this medicine orally at the same time as iron supplements will increase hemoglobin levels.
• This medicine is also used for various diseases presumed to be related to vitamin B12 deficiency or metabolic disorders.

10. Packaging Specifications

XI. Production Information

Manufacturer : E-Zai Co., Ltd.